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Ham Radio 2000 #2
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Ham Radio 2000 - Volume 2.iso
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HAMV2
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PACKET
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APRS805
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README
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TELEMTRY.TXT
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1997-01-03
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TELEMTRY.txt 7.7g APRS TELEMETRY SYSTEM
Using the Micro.Interface.Module (MIM)
See also MIC-E.TXT for how the MIM is used in the APRS Mic-Encoder
The MIM module is a complete telemetry TNC transmitter on a chip. It has
a serial data port, 5 analog and 8 digital telemetry inputs. It outputs
PTT and transmit audio AX.25 tones. The MIM was developed by Carl Wick,
N3MIM, as a very simple, light-weight, throw-away module for experimental
balloons. He has teamed up with Will Clement and refined the chip into
a very useful APRS packet tool. The only external components besides
the sensors themselves, are a transmitter and optional GPS card and battery.
A 0.3 cu in. 800 mw xmtr is available from Agrelo Engineering too!
INPUTS OUTPUTS
___________
Analog 1 --O| |O-- PTT to XMTR
Analog 2 --O| |O-- Audio to XMTR
Analog 3 --O| |O
Analog 4 --O| M.I.M |O
Analog 5 --O| |O
Rcv Audio --O| AX.25 |O (receiver audio is optional for)
NMEA Serial --O| |O (colision avoidance CSMA)
Input bit 1 --O| Telemetry |O
input bit 2 --O| |O
input bit 3 --O| Chip |O
input bit 4 --O| |O
input bit 5 --O| |O
input bit 6 --O| |O
input bit 7 --O| |O
input bit 8 --O| |O
-------------
APRS TELEMETRY FORMAT: The on-air packet telemetry format is as follows:
T#sss,111,222,333,444,555,xxxxxxxx where sss is the serial number
followed by the five 3 digit analog
values and the eight binary values.
Each telemetry value is actually a decimal number between 000 and 255. The
user can adjust his sensors to meaningful values, or the telemetry equations
can be modified on receipt. Usually just a a simple 10k and 2.4k resistor
divider is used on channel 1 to give you battery voltage in tenths. So
a reading of 138 would mean 13.8 volts. It is easy to make APRS display
any other quadratic telemetry equation too. See following sections.
EXTENDED LIFE OPTION: For extended operation (up to a year or more), the
MIM can be configured to go to sleep between reports. A single set of
AA Alkaline batteries could power the MIM and 1 watt transmitter for
a YEAR at one report every 30 minutes. This extend timer mode TBD.
Additionally, the power to the GPS can be programmed separately to allow
time for obtaining a current fix. Assuming a worst case of the GPS
needing 15 minutes per fix for a full sky search, this could result in a
system that could "check its position" once a day, report its position,
telemetry and status every 30 minutes using a 1 watt XMTR for a YEAR on
a single set of alkaline D cells.
APRS TELEMETRY RECEIVING SYSTEM: To make the APRS Telemetry page generic
and able to show real engineering values and units, APRS can receive on-air
packets to define the Telemetry labels, units, and equations. This means
that APRS does not need to be progammed for each different application.
These paramaters may be uploaded to all APRS stations live via four one-
line BULLETINS. The first one defines the telemetry labels, the second
defines the units, the third defines the telemetry equations, and th forth
defines the project name and digital bit definitions.
Once any APRS station receives these parameter transmissions, it
is then ready to receive and to display the real-time telemetry values in
the proper engineering units. The TELEMETRY page is displayed using the
alt-T command. Hitting this command causes APRS to scan the READ MAIL
screen looking for the telemetry equations, and then to scan the
ALL_BEACONS pages looking for TELEMETRY values. The last 16 values are
displayed. The TELEMETRY samples are saved in the normal LOG files.
A sketch of the APRS telemetry display is shown below:
APRS TELEMETRY FOR XYZ BALLOON LAUNCH
SER TIME Battery AirTemp BTemp Pres Altud Camra Par Sun 10m ATV 5th 6th etc
NUM volts deg.F deg.F Mbars K ft BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT
--- ---- -------- ------- ----- ----- ----- ----- --- --- --- --- --- ---
101 1215 12.8 86 85 999 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
102 1216 12.8 86 85 999 1000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
103 1217 12.6 87 87 998 2000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
104 1218 12.4 84 80 980 4000 clik ... on on hi ... ...
105 1219 12.3 80 76 900 8000 ... ... ... on hi ... ...
106 1220 12.1 75 70 850 16000 ... ... on on ... ... ...
107 1221 12.0 70 65 800 32000 clik ... ... ... ... ... ...
108 1222 12.0 65 60 730 64000 ... ... on ... hi ... ...
Notice that the M.I.M module transmits a value for each of its five
analog channels and each of its eight digital bits once every sample time.
The sample periodicity can be set from any value from 1 second to hours
depending on the application. Each sample includes a unique serial number.
In addition, not only can the parameter name, units and equations be
specified for each of the analog channels, but the word to be associated
with either the 0 or 1 value of each digital bit can also be specified.
To configure all APRS stations to properly decode the telemetry from
the M.I.M module, the net control station (or any other designated station
in the APRS network) needs to transmit the proper parameter definition
packets. These packets are transmitted as APRS messages TO the CALLSIGN
of the M.I.M module. If the M.I.M module is using the callsign of N3MIM,
then the parameter definition station would send the following messages:
To N3MIM:PARM.Battery,BTemp,AirTemp,Pres,Altude,Camra,Chute,Sun,10m,ATV
To N3MIM:UNIT.Volts,deg.F,deg.F,Mbar,Kfeet,Clik,OPEN!,on,on,high
To N3MIM:EQNS.0,2.6,0,0,.53,-32,3,4.39,49,-32,3,18,1,2,3
To N3MIM:BITS.10110101,PROJECT TITLE...
The PARM format specifies the name of each of the 13 parameters. The UNITs
format specifies what units are to be displayed, and for the digital bits,
show what label is associated with the digital condition. The EQNS format
has three coeficients for each of the five analog channels. The BITS format
specifies either a 1 or a 0 for each of the five digital channels to indicate
which state is associated with the indicated label. This permits the payload
designer to use 1's or 0's as convenient with his circuity without being
forced to always use 0 for OFF and 1 to mean ON. A title can also be
included in the BITS definition which will be used by APRS to title the
TELEMETRY page. The three values for each of the analog channels are the
coeficients of a quadratic equation:
Final value = A*X^2 + B*X + C Where X is the M.I.M transmitted value
FORMAL SPECIFICATION: The specific format for the TITLE, PARM, UNIT, and EQNS
message packets are shown below. They are entered as messages to the address
of the MIM module:
PARM.P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,B1,B2,B3,etc Where Pn and Bn are the parameter names
UNIT,U1,U2,U3,U4,U5,L1,L2,L3,etc Where Un are the units for analog ports
and Ln are the labels for the bits
EQNS,A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3,etc Where the An,Bn,Cn are the coeficients
for each of the five analog channels,
BITS.XXXXXXXX,Title-up-to-23-chars The x's specify the state of the bits
that match the BIT Labels.
T#sss,111,222,333,444,555,xxxxxxxx This is the on-air format for the UI
packet, where sss is the serial number
followed by the five 3 digit analog
values and the eight binary values.
PARAMETER NAMES: Due to the 80 character screen width in DOS, each
parameter has a fixed NAME/UNITS length. The lengths for the 5 analog
channels are 7, 6, 5, 5 and 4 characters. The lengths for the 8 digital
bits are 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 characters respectively. So you may
need to decide early on what channel to use for what purpose based on the
number of characters available in the display...
DEFAULTS TO APRS Mic-ENCODER: Since the predominant application of the MIM
module is in the APRS Mic-Encoder, the default telemetry parameters and
units for the Mic-E are normally displayed. These will go away if any
on-air parameters or equations are received...
APPLICATIONS:
1) Balloon payloads using only party balloons, not needing the big
WX balloons and all the paraphanalia.
2) Tracking wildlife or packages
2) TRAFFIC monitoring MILE posts! This is a neat idea! Given that HAMS
will be commuting with APRS moving Map displays, why not build a match
box sized traffic SPEED detector (solar powered MIM module) that can be
stuck on the side of a highway pole ? Via a $1.29 crystal MIC from
radio shack, use DSP to figure out the speed of the traffic based on
audio analysis! Beacon this SPEED once every two minutes at about 10
mW. The beacon will, of coure, include the LOCATION of the device.
What the APRS commuter sees on his MAP is these MILE posts ahead of him
showing traffic speeds! He can then decide on alternate routing!
We have plenty of room in the MIM to add this DSP (maybe), IS
THERE ANYONE OUT THERE THAT IS INTO DSP THAT CAN DETERMINE THE
ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE SPEED FROM THE AUDIO OF TRAFFIC??????????
(or the amplitude fluctuations of a photo cell?) Even cheap X band
doppler motion detectors are possible, since they only need to turn
on briefly to get a speed measurement. This thing has to be VERY small
and low power to be able to be SOLAR powered and able to be COVERTLY
installed with out a lot of STATE HIGHWAY bureaucracy.
LOW POWER TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS: To complement this less than ONE-CUBIC
inch MIM telemetry system, Agrelo Engineering in NY makes a 1.5 x 0.5 x 0.25
inch 2 meter transmitter for $99. It outputs 500 mW at 6 volts 140 ma and
120 mW at 3 volts 50 ma. A new 800 mw model is now out!
See more cheap transmitters in the GPS.TXT file.
ORDERING YOUR M.I.M. SYSTEM:
Oder the MIM from Clement ENgineering, Inc. PO Box 1086 Severna Park, MD
21146. Phone 410 268-6736, FAX: 410 268-4612. wclement@the-hermes.net
NOTE, THis is a new model from the original 4 channel prototypes.
If you have one of the originals, it is only on-air compatible with APRS
versions APRS74b or earlier.